the global city : new york, london, tokyo

These cities possess several similar characteristics including Home to several financial service providers and institutions, headquarters to large multinationals, dominate the trade and economy of their countries and are a major hub for air, land and sea transport. Amsterdam, Houston, Mexico City, Paris, São Paulo and Zurich have all grown to be global cities. Today, several other factors other than the size of the city are being considered. Initially, global cities were ranked depending on their size. To be considered a global city, an urban center must prove it enjoys a significant global advantage over other cities and serves as a hub within the world economic system. Other Alpha + cities include Shanghai, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Paris, and Beijing. Although the city of Tokyo is the largest in the world with a population of about 38,000,000, it is considered an Alpha + city, one level below the cities of New York and London which are considered Alpha ++ cities.

Cities are categorized differently depending on the role they play on the global scene. They portray the economic, social, and political state of the country and its people. 'About this title' may belong to another edition of this title.Cities are centers of innovation and businesses. 'A multi-disciplinary tour de force that should be read not only by regional economists but also by urban geographers, sociologists, and planners.' ( Development and Change) It incorporates a herculean research effort.' -Susan Fainstein, Journal of the American Planning Association are sobering.' -Rudolf Klein, Times Literary Supplement 'The most detailed and sophisticated anatomy yet published of the functioning of the new producer services sector in the global economy.' -Mark Levine, Urban Affairs Quarterly 'A landmark study in the political economy of cities.' -Anthony King, Newsline Sassen shows how dangerously city life has been affected by the influx of employees of the multinational firms which move into major cities and virtually colonize them, riving even greater wedges between the rich and poor.' ( The Observer) ' high-powered and at times horrific book. A systematic detailed analysis of the three largest urban economies in the advanced world.' -Peter Hall, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 'This is brilliant stuff, both in its broadness of sociological scope and its voluminous collection of data from a vast number of sources in the three cities.' -Scott Lash, The Times Higher Education Supplement 'One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 1992'

The global city : new york, london, tokyo